托福阅读解题技巧：推断题和细节题如何把握？

托福考生对于托福阅读中的推断题和细节题都不陌生，这两类题目是托福阅读中比较容易混淆和做错的题目。大家在做这两类的题目的时候要把握一定的托福阅读解题技巧。下面我们来具体地分析一下这两类题目。

一. 托福推断题和细节题的异同

我们先来看看两类题目的相同点，首先两类题目都会涉及到原文内容，都需要考生去原文中定位题目的相关信息，所以从做题的第一步来看，两类题目比较相似。但是这两类题目的做题方法却不一样。推断题需要考生对文中信息总结分析，结合整篇文章的观点找到最佳答案。细节题相对简单一些，只要在原文中找到相应内容并且定位准确，就能找到答案了。

二. 托福阅读细节题解题技巧

细节题也被称为事实信息题，大家在做题的时候只需要在原文对应的内容中找答案就可以了，不需要结合上下文去分析。那么如何才能又快有准确地做对细节题呢？找关键词！关键词可以帮助我们迅速定位题目在原文中的位置。如果是一些直接以段落形式出现的细节题就不需要大家定位细节题选项位置，此时需要大家去对比选项和原文，快速找到段落中的同义句位置，筛选正确答案。给大家举个简单的例子，牛学托福TPO第54套中第一篇阅读文章第二题：

According to paragraph 1, all of the following characteristics of pine made it a desirable material for building in nineteenth-century America EXCEPT:

A. It was long lasting.

B. It was relatively easy to transport.

C. Its softness made it easy to work with.

D. It produced buildings that were especially attractive.

大家在做这道题的时候，要注意大写的“EXCEPT”，也就是说要找到不包含的信息，我们要迅速在文章第一段定位同义句。下面是TPO第54套第一段原文：

In nineteenth-century America, practically everything that was built involved wood. Pine was especially attractive for building purposes.It is durable and strong（A）, yet soft enough to be easily worked with even the simplest of hand tools（B）.It also floats nicely on water, which allowed it to be transported to distant markets across the nation(C). The central and northern reaches of the Great Lakes states—Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota—all contained extensive pine forests as well as many large rivers for floating logs into the Great Lakes, from where they were transported nationwide.

迅速定位选项同义句以后，我们就能找到答案了，正确答案是D。大家要不要被“Pine was especially attractive for building purposes.”这句话迷惑了，仔细分析后你会发现，它和D选项表达的是完全不同的两种意思。

三. 托福阅读推断题解题技巧

托福阅读的推断题比细节题更难一些，细节题只要找到原文中对应的位置就可以了，但是推断题却需要大家结合文章主题做出正确推断。我们先来说说怎么定义一道题是推断题，其实推断题往往题干中会包含“infer、suggest、imply、indicate”一些单词。推断题不仅需要快速定位，还需要大家能够正确分析文中相关内容，集合文章提供信息推理出合理选项。另外，推断题还分为正向推断和逆向推断，正向推断要找到相应的句子关系，逆向推断要找到相应的内容，然后取反义。下面我们来看个具体的例子，仍然是以牛学TPO54套第一篇阅读为例，第四题为推断题：

What can be inferred from paragraph 2 about timber in America before the year 1860?

A. Farmers of the American West earned most of their income by selling timber to newly arrived settlers.

B. Timber came primarily from farmers who wished to supplement their income.

C. Timber was much more expensive before the year 1860 because it was less readily available.

D. Timber came primarily from large manufacturing companies in the East.

题干中我们发现了推断题非常明显的标志“inferred from”，另外题干中已经标明在第二段，那么我们就从第二段中来看。此时每个选项都要进行具体的分析，A选项可以定位到文中“No longer were farmers in search of extra income the main source for shingles, firewood, and other wood products.”所以农民已经不依靠销售木料增加收入了，A项错误。B选项可以要通过逆向推断来得知，原文中说到“1870年农民不再通过木质产品增加收入”，所以可推断出木材来源主要在于一些农民想要增加收入。C和D选项通过与原文内容对比也都不符合原文中的意思。C选项原文中并未提及，D选项与B冲突，故为错误选项。

托福阅读题目中的推断题和细节题需要大家返回托福阅读原文中去寻找答案。细节题一定可以在原文中找到对应内容，所以只要定位准确肯定可以做对；推理题要注意逻辑关系，通过文章提供的细节推断出合理的答案，不仅要定位信息，还要对比推理。以上就是牛学君为大家带来的托福阅读解题解题技巧，希望对大家做题有所帮助。